Bibliografia

• Albesiano, S. & Kiesling, R. 2009. Rehabilitation and synonymy of Wigginsia corynodes (Cactaceae). Haseltonia 15: 33-40.
• Anceschi, G. & Magli, A. 2010. South America 2005/2010. Bologna. MODO infoshop.
• Anceschi, G. & Magli, A. 2012a. The last populations of Parodia rechensis (Buining) F. H. Brandt. The Cactus Explorer 5: 30-34. [epublished].
• Anceschi, G. & Magli, A. 2012b. Parodia turbinata (Arechavaleta) Hofacker: a confused taxon. The Cactus Explorer 6: 27-39. [epublished].
• Anceschi, G. & Magli, A. 2013a. Observations concerning Parodia (Eriocactus). The Cactus Explorer 7: 27-39. [epublished].
• Anceschi, G. & Magli, A. 2013b. South America 2011/2013. Bologna. MODO infoshop.
• Anceschi, G. & Magli, A. 2013c. The new monophyletic macrogenus Echinopsis. No risk of paraphyly, and the most convincing hypothesis in phylogenetic terms. Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 31: 24-27.
• Anceschi, G. & Magli, A. 2014. The position of Parodia turecekiana in the Parodia mammulosa complex. The Cactus Explorer 13: 60-73. [epublished].
• Anceschi, G. & Magli, A. 2018. A synopsis of the genus Parodia Spegazzini s.l. (Cactaceae). Bradleya 36: 70-161.
• Anceschi, G. & Magli, A. 2020. South American Cacti. Dominant species in Parodia Spegazzini s.l. Cactaceae. CactusWorld Vol. 38(4) Special Issue: 3-26.
• Anceschi, G. & Magli, A. 2020. South American Cacti. New circumscription of the concept of Echinopsis (Cleistocactus) buchtienii and the inclusion of Cleistocactus tupizensis sensu Backeberg in the Echinopsis (Cleistocactus) nothohyalacantha complex. CactusWorld Vol. 38(4) Special Issue: 27-50.
• Anceschi, G. & Magli, A. 2021. South America 2013/2021. Bologna. MODO infoshop.
• Anderson, E. F. 2001. The Cactus Family. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press.
• Anderson, E. F. 2001. The Cactus Family. trs. Eggli, U. 2005. Das grosse Kakteen-Lexikon. Stuttgart: Eugen Ulmer KG.
• Anderson, E. F. 2001. The Cactus Family. trs. Eggli, U. 2011. Das grosse Kakteen-Lexikon. Stuttgart: Eugen Ulmer KG.
• Arakaki, M. et al. 2011. Contemporaneous and recent radiations of the world's major succulent plant lineages. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 108 (20): 8379-8384.
• Aristote. Du Ciel. Moraux, P. Paris: 1965. It. translation, introduction and notes by Jori, A. 2002. Il cielo. Milano: Bompiani.
• Aristotle. Metaphysics. Original text in the edition of W. D. Ross. Clarendon Press. 1924. It. translation, introduction and notes by Reale, G. 2000. Metafisica. Milano: Bompiani.
• Aristotle. Physics. Original text in the edition of W. D. Ross. Aristotelis: Physica. Oxford University Press. 1982. It. translation, introduction and notes by Radice, R. 2011. Fisica. Milano: Bompiani.
• Aristotle. Posterior Analytics. W. D. Ross. Aristotle's Prior and Posterior Analytics. A Revised Text with Introduction and Commentary. Oxford University Press. 1949. It. translation and notes by MIgnucci, M., introduction by Barnes, J. 2007. Analitici secondi. Organon IV. Roma-Bari: Gius. Laterza & Figli.
• Aristotle. Posterior Analytics. W. D. Ross. Aristotle's Prior and Posterior Analytics. A Revised Text with Introduction and Commentary. Oxford University Press. 1949. It. translation and notes by MIgnucci, M. 1970. Gli analitici secondi. Bologna: Azzoguidi.
• Arp, H. 1998. Seeing Red: redshifts, cosmology and academic science. Montreal: Apeiron.
• Augustin, K. & Hentzschel, G. 2002. Die Gattung Weingartia Werdermann: Teil 1. Besprechung und Neuordnung. Gymnocalycium 15 (3): 453-472.
• Bárcenas, R. T., Yesson, C. & Hawkins, J. A. 2011. Molecular systematics of the Cactaceae. Cladistics 27: 470-489.
• Backeberg, C. & Knuth, F. M. 1936. Kaktus - ABC. Copenhagen: Nordisk Forlag.
• Backeberg, C. 1958-1962. Die Cactaceae. 6 volumes. Jena: G. Fischer.
• Backeberg, C. 1966. Das Kakteenlexikon. Enumeratio Diagnostica Cactacearum. Jena: G. Fischer.
• Backeberg, C. 1966. Kakteenlexicon. trs. Glass, L. 1977. Cactus Lexicon. Poole: Blandford Press.
• Bacon, F. 1620. Novum Organum. It. tr. Marchetto, M. 2002. Nuovo organo. Milano: Bompiani.
• Barthlott, W. & Hunt, D. R. 2000. Seed-diversity in the Cactaceae. Subfamily Cactoideae. Succulent Plant Research 5. Milborne Port, Somerset: David Hunt.
• Barthlott, W. & Voit, G. 1979. Mikromorphologie der Samenschalen und Taxonomie der Cactaceae: ein raster-elektronenmikroscopisher Überblick. Plant Systematics and Evolution 132: 205-229.
• Bell, J. S. 2004. Speakable and unspeakable in quantum mechanics. Second edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Benson, L. 1982. The Cacti of the United States and Canada. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
• Berger, A. 1929. Kakteen. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart.
• Bombonato, J. R. et al. 2020. The potential of genome-wide RAD sequences for resolving rapid radiations: a case study in Cactaceae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 151, 1-10.
• Braun, P. J. & Esteves Pereira, E. 2001. Kakteen und andere Sukkulenten in Brasilien. Schumannia 3: 1-235.
• Bregman, R. 2002. Some notes on the recent taxonomic confusion in cacti. Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 13: 18-20.
• Brickwood, J. & Preston-Mafham, K. 1997. Further amendments to the CITES Cactaceae Checklist. Parodia. Cactaceae Consensus Initiatives 4: 18–19.
• Brickwood, J. 1997. Further amendments to the CITES Cactaceae Checklist. Parodia. Cactaceae Consensus Initiatives 3: 22–23.
• Britton, N. L. & Rose, J. N. 1919 -23. The Cactaceae. 4 vols. Washington: Carnegie Institution.
• Buining, A. F. H. & Brederoo, A. J. 1972. Notocactus oxycostatus Buining & Brederoo. Die Kakteen Lieferungen 50-51: [unpag].
• Buining, A. F. H. 1970. Bijdrage tot de kennis van Echinocactus Schumannianus nic., Echinocactus grossei K. Sch. en Echinocactus nigrispinus K. Sch. Succulenta 49(11): 172-181.
• Buining, A. F. H. 1980. The Genus Discocactus Pfeiffer. Buining-fonds, Succulenta Netherlands, Venlo: Drukkerij Van Spijk.
• Butterworth, C. A. & Wallace, R. S. 1999. Phylogenetic studies of the tribe Cacteae. Cactaceae Consensus Initiatives 8: 7-9.
• Buxbaum, F. 1950. Morphology of Cacti. Pasadena, California: Abbey Garden Press.
• Buxbaum, F. 1957-60. Morphologie der Kakteen. In: Die Kakteen. Stuttgart: Krainz, F. verlag.
• Buxbaum, F. 1966 in Krainz, H. Die Kakteen 1. IX.
• Buxbaum, F. 1967 in Krainz, H. Die Kakteen 1. I.
• Cabrera, A. L. 1971. Fitogeografía de la Republica Argentina. Bol. De la Soc. Arg. Botánica. Vol. XIV, Nº 1-2. Bs. As.
• Celli Marchett, F. 2008. A Família Cactaceae Juss. no Munícipio de Caxias do Sul, RS, Brasil. Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brasil.
• Charles, G. & Meregalli, M. 2008. Our latest thoughts on Gymnocalycium. Gymnocalycium mostii (Gürke) Britton & Rose. In: Hunt, D. R. comp, NCL addenda, corrigenda and miscellaneous comments. Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 24: 25-27.
• Charles, G. 1998. Copiapoa. Cactus File Handbook 4. Southampton: Cirio Publishing Services.
• Charles, G. 2005. Gymnocalycium. In: Hunt, D. R. & Taylor, N., Notulae Systematicae Lexicon Cactacearum Spectantes VI. Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 20: 17-18.
• Charles, G. 2009. Gymnocalycium in habitat and culture. Stamford, England: published by the author.
• Charles, G. 2012. NCL updates etc. Borzicactus. Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 26: 13-14.
• Chebataroff, J. 1980. La vegetación del algarrobal, monte espinoso del litoral, I. Divisiones de la Provincia fitogeografica Uruguayense. Res. Jorn. C. Nat. 1, Montevideo. Pág. 77-78.
• Darwin, C. 1859. On the Origin of Species. London: Murray; 1964. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. 
• Darwin, C. R. 1859. On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. Mineola, New York: Dover Publications, INC., 2006.
• Darwin, C. R. 1872. On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. 6st editions. it. tr. Fratini, L. 1967. L'origine della specie. Selezione naturale e lotta per l'esistenza. Torino: Bollati Boringhieri.
• Demaio, P. H. et al. 2011. Molecular phylogeny of Gymnocalycium (Cactaceae): Assessment of alternative infrageneric systems, a new subgenus, and trends in the evolution of the genus. American Journal of Botany 98(11): 1841-1854.
• Descartes, R. 1637. Discours de la méthode. Texte établi par Adam, C. et Tannery, P. Léopold Cerf, 1902. It. tr. Urbani Ulivi, L. 2002. Discorso sul metodo. Milano: Bompiani.
• Diels, H. & Kranz, W. 1903-1952. Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker. 22. Herakleitos. It. tr. Reale, G. 2006. I presocratici. B IV Eraclito (22). Milano: Bompiani.
• Diels, H. & Kranz, W. 1903-1952. Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker. 28. Parmenides. It. tr. Reale, G. 2006. I presocratici. B VI Parmenide (28). Milano: Bompiani.
• Donald, J. D. 1979. Occasional generic review n.6. Weingartia Werdermann. Ashingtonia 3: 87-139.
• Douchafour. 1984. Edafogenesis y clasificación. Ed. Masson, Barcelona.
• Durán, A. 1985. Los Suelos del Uruguay. Editorial Hemisferio Sur. Pág. 257-273. Mdeo.
• Eggli, U. & Giorgetta, M. 2015. Flowering phenology and observations on the pollination biology of south american cacti. 1. Denmoza rhodacantha. Haseltonia 20: 3-12.
• Eggli, U. & Hofacker, A. 2010. Validation of the Name Parodia lenninghausii (Cactaceae), with a Note on the Lectotypification and Orthography of the Name. Novon 20 (1): 30-32.
• Eggli, U. & Leuenberger, B. E. 2008. Type specimens of Cactaceae names in the Berlin Herbarium (B). Willdenowia, 38(1): 213-280.
• Eggli, U. & Nyffeler, R. 2007. Parodia allosiphon (Marchesi) N. P. Taylor (Cactaceae - Cactoideae) - a cladistically 'basal' species with a restricted distribution range (Notes towards a checklist of Cactaceae of Uruguay, 2). Bradleya 25: 37-44.
• Eggli, U., Machado, M. C. & Nyffeler, R. 2008. Nomenclatural note on the subgenera of Parodia (Cactaceae - Cactoideae). Taxon. 57(3): 985-988.
• Einstein, A. 1936. Physics and reality. Journal of the Franklin Institute 221(3): 349-382.
• Esser, G. 1982. Vegetationsgliederung und Kakteenvegetation von Paraguay. Tropische und Subtropische Pflanzenwelt 38. Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literature, Mainz. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag GMBH.
• Fagúndez, C. 2003. La Vegetación de un Blanqueal en el Litoral Oeste del Uruguay: Efectos de la Hormiga Atta vollenweideri Forel. Liceciatura en Ciencias Biologicas, opción Botanica. Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, UDELAR [internet source].
• Farris, J. S. 1974. Formal definitions of paraphyly and polyphyly. Syst. Zool. 23: 548-554.
• Feynman, R. P. 1985. QED. The strange theory of light and matter. London: Penguin Books. 1990.
• Feynman, R. P. 1999. The pleasure of finding things out. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Perseus Books.
• Font, F. & Picca, P. 2001. Geographical distribution and state of conservation of the populations of Lobivia walteri Kiesling and Trichocereus smrzianus (Backeb.) Backeb. (Cactaceae) in the province of Salta, Argentina. British Cactus and Succulent Journal 19: 2-14.
• Franck, A. R. 2012. Low-copy nuclear primers and YCF1 primers in Cactaceae. American Journal of Botany: e405-e407.
• Franck, A. R. 2016. Monograph of Harrisia (Cactaceae). Phytoneuron 85: 1-159.
• Franco, F. F. et al. 2017. Plio-Pleistocene diversification of Cereus (Cactaceae, Cereeae) and closely allied genera. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 183: 199-210.
• Friedrich, H. 1974. Zur Taxonomie und Phylogenie der Echinopsidinae (Trichocereinae). IOS Bulletin 3(3): 79-93.
• Fries, R. E. 1905. Zur kenntnis der alpinen flora im nördlichen Argentinien. Nova Acta Regiae. Soc. Sci. Upsal. ser. IV, 1.
• Gell-Mann, M. 1994. The quark and the jaguar: adventures in the simple and the complex. St. Martin’s Griffin.
• Gell-Mann, M. 1995. The quark and the jaguar: adventures in the simple and the complex. London: Abacus.
• Gerloff, N. & Neduchal, J. 2004. Taxonomische Neubearbeitung Der Gattung Notocactus Frič. Internoto 25 (2): 1-130.
• Gerloff, N. & Nilson, A. D. 1994. Erstbeschreibung: Notocactus calvescens N. Gerloff & A. D. Nilson spec. nov. Internoto 15 (3): 75-83.
• Gerloff, N. 1998. Pflanzen bei Ana Rech im Municipal Caxias do Sul. Internoto 19 (1): 36-40.
• Gerloff, N. 1999. Where Gymnocalycium horstii Buining has its roots. Cactus & Co. 3 (4): 179-186.
• Gerloff, N., Neduchal, J. & Stuchlik, S. 1995. Notokakteen. Gesamtdarstellung aller Notokakteen. Ludwigsburg: Kveten Verlag.
• Glaetzle, W. & Prestlé, K. H. 1986. Seed-morphology of the genus Notocactus. Bradleya 4: 79-96.
• Gottlieb, P. & Sober, E. Fall 2017. Aristotle on “Nature Does Nothing in Vain”. HOPOS. The Journal of the International Society for the History of Philosophy of Science(7)2: 246-271.
• Griffith, M. P. 2003. Relationships among the genera of Opuntioideae (Cactaceae): preliminary insights. Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 15: 12-13.
• Gyldorro, O. 2002. Thoughts on seeds. Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 14: 26-27.
• Hamilton, M. B. 1994. Ex situ conservation of wild plant species: time to reassess the genetic assumptions and implications of seed banks. Conservation Biology 8: 39-49.
• Haszprunar, G. 1998. Parsimony analysis as a specific kind of homology estimation, and the implications for character weighting. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution 9(3): 333-339.
• Haworth, A. H. 1831. Philosophical Magazine 10: 420.
• Hennig, W. 1950. Grundzüge einer Theorie der Phylogenetischen Systematik. Berlin: Deutscher Zentralverlag.
• Hennig, W. 1966. Phylogenetic Systematics. trs Davis, D. D. & Zangler, R. Urbana: University Illinois Press.
• Hillis, D. M. 1987. Molecular versus morphological approaches to systematics. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 18: 23-42.
• Hjertson, M. 1994. The identity of Echinopsis pygmaea R. E. Fr. (Cactaceae). Taxon 43: 455-457.
• Hjertson, M. 2003. Notulae Systematicae Lexicon Cactacearum Spectantes III. Rebutia subg. Mediolobivia. Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 15: 9-10.
• Hofacker, A. & Braun, P. J. 1998. Nomenclatural adjustments in Parodia. Cactaceae Consensus. Initiatives 6: 10.
• Hofacker, A. 1998. Further nomenclatural adjustments in Frailea and Parodia. Cactaceae Consensus Initiatives 6: 11-12.
• Hofacker, A. 2000. Distribution records for various Parodia taxa: some corrections and additions. Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 10: 12.
• Hofacker, A. 2003. Parodia orthacantha und Parodia mammulosa: zwei altbekannte Parodien aus Brasilien und Uruguay. Kakteen und andere Sukkulenten 54 (9): 225-231.
• Hofacker, A. 2012. Some notes on Wigginsia corynodes. The Cactus Explorers 4: 26-34. [epublished].
• Hoffmann, A. E. & Walter, H. E. 2004. Cactáceas en la Flora Silvestre de Chile. Segunda edición. Santiago: Fundación Claudio Gay.
• Hoffmann, A. E. 1989. Cactáceas en la Flora Silvestre de Chile. Santiago: Fundación Claudio Gay.
• Howard, R. A. & Touw, M. 1981. The cacti of the Lesser Antilles and the typification of the genus Opuntia Miller. Cactus and Succulent Journal (U.S.A) 53: 233-237.
• Hunt, D. R. & Dimmitt, M. 2005. Notulae Systematicae Lexicum Cactacearum Spectantes VI. Ferocactus. Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 20: 16.
• Hunt, D. R. & Iliff, J. 2000. Tunilla: a new generic name for the "Airampo Group". Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 9: 8-12.
• Hunt, D. R. & Taylor, N. P., eds. 1986. The genera of the Cactaceae: towards a new consensus. Bradleya 4: 65-78.
• Hunt, D. R. & Taylor, N. P., eds. 1990. The genera of Cactaceae: progress towards consensus. Bradleya 8: 85-107.
• Hunt, D. R. 1991. Stabilization of names in succulent plants. Pages 151-155 in Improving the stability of names: needs and options. D. L. Hawksworth, editor. Königstein, Germany: Koeltz Scientific Books.
• Hunt, D. R. 1999a. Cites Cactaceae Checklist. Second Edition. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens.
• Hunt, D. R. 1999b. One man's genus is another man's section. Cactaceae Consensus Initiatives 7: 8.
• Hunt, D. R. 1999c. The opuntioids: all sections or all genera? Cactaceae Consensus Initiatives 8: 3-6.
• Hunt, D. R. 1999d. What to do about the less-than-species? Cactaceae Consensus Initiatives 8: 23-28.
• Hunt, D. R. 2000. The Working Party changes its name... Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 9: 1.
• Hunt, D. R. 2002. Notulae Systematicae Lexicon Cactacearum Spectantes I. Copiapoa. Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 13: 12-15.
• Hunt, D. R. 2003. Monotypic genera. Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 15: 3.
• Hunt, D. R. 2005. Some colour variants in Ferocactus. Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 20: 26-29.
• Hunt, D. R. 2005. Notulae Systematicae Lexicon Cactacearum Spectantes VI. Parodia. Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 20: 22-23.
• Hunt, D. R. 2006. Lectotipification. Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 21: 15.
• Hunt, D. R. 2007. Rearguard action by Rowley Associates. Cactaceae Systematic Initiatives 22: 6-7.
• Hunt, D. R. 2008. Future of CSI and ICSG. Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 24: 5.
• Hunt, D. R. 2012. Continuing the search for consensus. Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 26: 4.
• Hunt, D. R. 2013. The New Cactus Lexicon Illustrations. Milborne Port: DH Books.
• Hunt, D. R. 2014. CCC3 goes ahead! Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 32: 3.
• Hunt, D. R. 2015. Intergeneric hybrids in Cactaceae - an embarrassment? Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 33: 16.
• Hunt, D. R. 2016. Cites Cactaceae Checklist. Third Edition. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens.
• Hunt, D. R. 2016. Cites Cactaceae Checklist. Third Edition. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens.
• Hunt, D. R. 2018. Echinopsis reviewed. Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 39: 5.
• Hunt, D. R. et al. 2006. The New Cactus Lexicon. Milborne Port: DH Books.
• Hunt, D. R. et al. 2007. NCL addenda, corrigenda and miscellaneous comments. Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 22: 11-18.
• Hunt, D. R. et al. 2008a. NCL addenda, corrigenda and miscellaneous comments. Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 23: 4-29.
• Hunt, D. R. et al. 2008b. NCL addenda, corrigenda and miscellaneous comments. Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 24: 5-40.
• Hunt, D. R. et al. 2011. NCL updates etc. Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 25: 7-29.
• Hunt, D. R. et al. 2012. Trichocereeae. Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 26: 7-8.
• Hunt, D. R. et al. 2012. Tricky Trichos. Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 28: 3-4.
• Hunt, D. R. et al. 2012a. NCL updates etc. Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 26: 12-20.
• Hunt, D. R. et al. 2012b. NCL updates etc. Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 27: 16-23.
• Hunt, D. R. et al. 2012c. NCL updates etc. Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 28: 16-28.
• Hunt, P. F. 1974. Ecosystem reserves. In: Succulents in Peril. David Hunt Editor. Supplement to IOS Bulletin 3.
• IUCN, 2001. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. ii + 30 pp
• Jammer, M. 1974. The philosophy of quantum mechanics. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
• Kattermann, F. 1994. Eriosyce (Cactaceae): the genus revised and amplified. Succulent Plant Research 1. Richmond, Surrey: David Hunt.
• Kiesling, R. & Ferrari, O. 1990a. Parodia sensu strictu in Argentina, part I. Cactus and Succulent Journal (U.S.) 62(4): 194–198.
• Kiesling, R. & Ferrari, O. 1990b. Parodia sensu strictu in Argentina, part II. Cactus and Succulent Journal (U.S.) 62(4): 244-250.
• Kiesling, R. & Ferrari, O. E. 2005. 100 Cactus Argentinos. Buenos Aires: Albatros Saci.
• Kiesling, R. & Metzing, D. 2006. A new subspecies of the genus Frailea Britton & Rose. Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 21: 17-18.
• Kiesling, R. & Schweich, D. 2019. Two old men wandering in Northern Argentina. The Cactus Explorer 24: 33-47.
• Kiesling, R. 1995. Argentine notocacti of the genus Parodia. Cactus and Succulent Journal (U.S.A.) 67: 14-22.
• Kiesling, R. 1999. Cactaceae. In Zuloaga, F. O., & Morrone, O. Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares de la República Argentina, II. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden, 74: 423-489.
• Kiesling, R., Ferrari, O. & Metzing, D. 2002: Gymnocalycium robustum (Cactaceae), a new species from Córdoba. Cact. Succ. J. 74 (1): 4-9.
• Kitcher, P. 1984. Species. Philosophy of Science (51)2: 308-333.
• Laplane, L. et al. 2019. Why science needs philosophy. PNAS. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 116(10): 3948-3952.
• Larocca, J. 1998. Cactáceas em paredões rochosos da Serra Geral do Rio Grande do Sul: uma abordagem fitogeográfica. Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Dissertação de Mestrado.
• Lau, A. B. 1994. Feldnummernliste von Alfred B. Lau. Teil II. Sudamerika 1968-1972. Frankenthal: Arbeitskreis für Mammillarienfreunde e. V.
• Lehmann, J. G. 1826. In: Semina in horto botanico Hamburgensi.
• Lemaire, C. 1839. Cactearum genera nova speciesque novae et omnium in Horto Monvilliano cultarum ex affinitatibus naturalibus ordinatio nova indexque methodicus. Lutetiis-Parisiorum: J. Loss.
• Lendel, A., Eggli, U. & Nyffeler, R. 2006. Phylogenetic relationships in the tribe Trichocereeae (Cactaceae) inferred from cpDNA sequence data analysis. Botany 2006 Abstracts: 233. St. Louis Botanical Society of America.
• Leuenberger, B. E. 1996 ("1995"). Biographical Notes on Friedrich Ritter (1898-1989). In: Eggli, U., Muñoz Schick, M. & Leuenberger, B. E. Cactaceae of South America: The Ritter Collections. Englera 16: 13-35.
• Leuenberger, B. E. 2012. The misnamed Cleistocactus of Tupiza. Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 27: 12-16.
• Lillo, M. 1919. Hickenia Lillo. Physis. Revista de la Sociedad Argentina de Ciencias Naturales 4: 422.
• Link, H. F. & Otto, C. F. 1827. Verhandlungen des Vereins zur Beförderung des Gartenbaues in den Königlich Preussischen Staaten 3.
• Linnaeus, C. L. 1753. Species Plantarum. Stockholm: Imprensis Laurentius Salvius.
• Lisal, K. & Kolarik, J. 1986. Notocactus arnostianus Lisal & Kolarik & Notocactus ritterianus Lisal & Kolarik. Internoto 7(1): 3-19.
• Lodé, J. 2015. Taxonomy of the Cactaceae. Editions Cactus-Adventures.
• Lowry, M. & Winberg, M. 2013. Two to Turuchipa. The Cactus Explorer 8: 41-45.
• Lowry, M. 2001. The Andean "Trichos". Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 12: 23-24.
• Lowry, M. 2002. Notulae Systematicae Lexicon Cactacearum Spectantes II. Echinopsis. Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 14: 13-14.
• Lowry, M. 2005. Notulae Systematicae Lexicon Cactacearum Spectantes V. Echinopsis. Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 19: 11-12.
• Lowry, M. 2012. NCL updates etc. Parodia. On the identity of Parodia mairanana Card. Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 28: 26-27.
• Lowry, M. 2016. A synopsis of the genus Cleistocactus Lemaire (Cactaceae). Bradleya 34:148-186.
• Lowry, M. 2018. What is Lobivia krahn-juckeri? The Cactus Explorer 22: 26-32.
• Mace, T. 1975. Notocactus. A review of the Genus incorporating Brasilicactus, Eriocactus and Wigginsia. 2nd edition. The editorial board & the Sussex zone of the National Cactus & Succulent Society.
• Machado, M. C. 2008. What is the rule of hybridization in the evolution of the Cactaceae? Bradleya 26: 1-18.
• Machado, M. C., Lendel, A. & Nyffeler, R. 2006. Presentation to the IOS Congress in Septrmber 2006.
• Machado, M. C., Nyffeler, R., Eggli, U. & Larocca, J. F. 2008. A new species of Parodia (Cactaceae, Notocacteae) from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Novon 18: 214-219.
• Marchesi, E. 2013. Flora y vegetación del Uruguay. (internet source).
• Mauseth, J. D., Kiesling, R. & Ostolaza, C. N. 2002. A cactus odyssey: journey in the wilds of Bolivia, Peru, and Argentina. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press.
• Mayr, E. 1942. Systematics and the Origin of Species. New York: Columbia University Press.
• Mayr, E. 1957. Die denkmöglichen Formen der Artentstehung. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 64: 219-235.
• Mayr, E. 1982. The growth of biological thought. Diversity, evolution, and inheritance. 1st editions. It. tr. Continenza, B. et al. 2011. Storia del pensiero biologico. Diversità, evoluzione, eredità 1-2. Torino: Bollati Boringhieri.
• Mayr, E. et. al., 1953. Methods and principles of systematic zoology. New York: McGraw-Hill.
• Mayta, L. & Molinari-Novoa, E. A. 2015. Cactacées du département d'Arequipa (Pérou) et addition aux Cactacées de Lima. Succulentopi@ 14: 13-20.
• McLennan, D. A. et al. 1988. The benefits of communication between comparative ethology and phylogenetic systematics: a case study using gasterosteid fishes. Can. J. Zool. 66: 2177-2190.
• McNeill, J. et al. 2006. International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Vienna Code). Regnum Vegetabile 146. A.R.G. Gantner Verlag KG.
• McNeill, J. et al. 2012. International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code). Regnum Vegetabile 154. Koeltz Scientific Books.
• Meregalli, M. & Kulhánek, T. 2015. Gymnocalycium pugionacanthum Backeberg ex Till, 1987. Designation of an epitype. Schütziana 6(3): 11-24.
• Meregalli, M. 2010. The Gymnocalycium of Uruguay. 1. Gymnocalycium hyptiacanthum (Lemaire) Britton & Rose: history of the name, historical interpretations, the neotype and nomenclatural considerations. Schütziana. The Gymnocalycium Online Journal 1 (1): 4-20. [epublished].
• Metzing, D. 1994. Cactaceae in Paraguay - specie, ecologia e minaccia di estinzione. Piante Grasse 13 (4 suppl.): 5-63.
• Metzing, D., Meregalli, M. & Kiesling, R. 1999. Typification of Gymnocalycium quehlianum (Cactaceae). Hickenia 3: 9-11.
• Michaelis, L. 1927. Einführung in die Mathematik für Biologen und Chemiker 3rd editions, Berlin.
• Molinari-Novoa, E. A. 2015. Une liste à jour des cactées des bassins de Lima au Pérou par EA Molinari-Novoa. Succulentopi@ 13: 18-21.
• Morrison III, W. R. et al. 2009.The impact of taxonomic change on conservation: Does it kill, can it save, or is it just irrelevant? Biological Conservation 142: 3201-3206.
• Mottram, R. 2002. Notulae Systematicae Lexicon Cactacearum Spectantes I. Cleistocactus. Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 13:10-12.
• Naef, A. 1919. Idealistische morphologie und phylogenetic (zur methodik der systematischen). Verlag von Gustav Fischer Jena.
• Nelson, G. J. 1971. Paraphyly and Polyphyly: redefinitions. Syst. Zool. 20: 471-472.
• Nicolai. 1893. Monatsschrift für Kakteenkunde 3: 175. Neudamm: J. Neumann.
• NMFS, USFWS, 2007. Green Sea Turtle (Chelonia mydas): 5-Year Review. National Marine Fisheries Service and The US Fish and Wildlife Service, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
• Nyffeler, R. & Eggli, U. 2010. A farewell to dated ideas and concepts: molecular phylogenetics and a revised suprageneric classification of the family Cactaceae. Schumannia 6: 109-149.
• Nyffeler, R. 1997. Further referrals of “limbo” species in CCC1. Notocactus. Cactaceae Consensus Initiatives 4: 8-9.
• Nyffeler, R. 1999. Notocactus versus Parodia - the search for a generic classification of the subtribe Notocactinae. Cactaceae Consensus Initiatives 7: 6-8.
• Nyffeler, R. 2001. What about the tribe Notocacteae? Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 12: 25-27.
• Nyffeler, R. 2002. Phylogenetic relationships in the cactus family (Cactaceae) based on evidence from trnK/matK and trnL-trnF sequences. American Journal of Botany 89 (2): 312-326.
• Olson, D. M., Dinerstein, E., Wikramanayake, E. D., Burgess, N. D., Powell, G. V. N., Underwood, E. C., D’Amico, J. A., Itoua, I., Strand, H. E., Morrison, J. C., Loucks, C. J., Allnutt, T. F., Ricketts, T. H., Kura, Y., Lamureaux, J. F., Wettengel, W. W., Hedao, P. & Kassem, K. R. 2001. Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World: A New Map of Life on Earth. BioScience 51(11): 933-938.
• Osten, C. 1941. Anales del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo. Notas sobre Cactáceas.
• Papsch, W. 2001. Die Pampinen Gymnocalycien 3. Gymnocalycium hyptiacanthum (Lemaire) Britton et Rose. Gymnocalycium 14 (1): 385-392.
• Papsch, W. 2013. Gymnocalycium bruchii: History, Ecology, Systematics - Part 2. Schütziana (4)1: 3-26.
• Papsch, W. 2015. Consequences of the Neotypification of Echinocactus platensis Spegazzini. Schütziana (6)3: 04-10.
• Papsch, W. 2015. Which is the oldest name of the Gymnocalycium species from the Sierras Bayas? Schütziana (6)2: 03-14. 
• Papsch, W. 2017.  On the Distribution of Gymnocalycium platense (Spegazzini) Britton & Rose (Cactaceae). Schütziana (8)2: 11-23.
• Patterson, C. 1982. Morphological characters and homology. In: Joysey K. A. & Friday, A. E. eds, Problems of phylogenetic reconstruction: 21-74. London: Academic Press.
• Pfeiffer, L. 1837. In: Allgemeine Gartenzeitung.
• Pfeiffer, L. 1839. In: Nov. Act. Nat. Cur: 19 (1): tav. 15.
• Pin, A. B. & Simon, J. 2004. Guía ilustrada de los Cactus del Paraguay. Asunción: Secretaría del Ambiente.
• Plate, L. 1914. Prinzipien der Systematik mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Systems der Tiere. In: Die Kultur der Gegenwart 3: 92-164.
• Plato. Cratylus. Original text in the edition of J. Burnet. Platonis: Opera, Tomus I. Oxford University Press. 1922. It. translation, introduction and notes by Aronadio, F. 1996. Cratilo. Roma-Bari: Gius. Laterza & Figli.
• Plato. Parmenides. Original text in the edition of J. Burnet. Platonis Opera, Vol. 2: Tetralogiae III-IV. Oxford University Press. 1901. It. translation, introduction and notes by Ferrari, F. 2004. Parmenide. Milano: BUR Rizzoli.
• Plato. Phaedo. Original text in the edition of J. Burnet. Platonis: Opera, Tomus I. Oxford University Press. 1922. It. translation, introduction and notes by Reale, G. 2000. Fedone. Milano: Bompiani.
• Plato. Republic. Original text in the edition of J. Burnet. Platonis Opera, Tomus IV. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1902. It. translation and notes by Radice, R., introduction by Reale, G. 2009. Repubblica. Milano: Bompiani.
• Plato. Sophist. Original text in the edition of E. A. Duke, W. F. Hicken, W. S. M. Nicoll, D. B. Robinson & J. C. G. Strachan. Platonis Opera, Tomus I. Oxford University Press. 1995 (a revision of the edition established by J. Burnet for the same types, t. I-IV, 1900-1907). It. translation, introduction and notes by Fronterotta, F. 2007. Sofista. Milano: BUR Rizzoli.
• Plotinus. Enneads. Original text in the edition of P. Henry and H. R. Schwyzer. Plotini Opera, Tomus II. Enneas IV et V. Oxford Classical Texts. 1977. It. translation, introduction and notes by Faggin, G. 2000. Enneadi. Milano: Bompiani.
• Plotinus. Enneads. Original text in the edition of P. Henry and H. R. Schwyzer. Plotini Opera, Tomus III. Enneas VI. Oxford Classical Texts. 1983. It. translation, introduction and notes by Faggin, G. 2000. Enneadi. Milano: Bompiani.
• Porter, J. M. 1999. Sclerocactus and Pediocactus: a summary of the molecular evidence. Cactaceae Consensus Initiatives 7: 5-6.
• Prestlé, K. H. 1985. Notocactus ibicuiensis Prestlé spec. nov. Internoto 4(6): 99–103.
• Preston-Mafham, K. 1997. Updates and comments in various genera. Echinopsis. Cactaceae Consensus Initiatives 4: 15-16.
• Preston-Mafham, R. & K. 1991. Cacti the Illustrated Dictionary. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press.
• Ragonese, A. & Covas, G. 1947. La Flora Halófila del Sur de la Provincia de Santa Fe. Rev. Darwiniana, t.7, n° 3. Rep. Argentina.
• Rieppel, O. 1980. Homology, a deductive concept? Zeitschrift für Zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung 18: 315-319.
• Ritter F. 1979-81. Kakteen in Südamerika 1-4. Spangenberg: Friedrich Ritter Selbstverlag.
• Ritz, C. M. L. et al. 2007. The molecular phylogeny of Rebutia (Cactaceae) and its allies demonstrates the influence of paleogeography on the evolution of South American mountain cacti. American Journal of Botany 94 (8):1321-1332.
• Rowley, G. D. 1994. Spontaneous bigeneric hybrids in Cactaceae. Bradleya 12: 2-7.
• Rowley, G. D. 1997. DNA: Damned Nasty Answers? Must classification reflect phylogeny? Cactaceae Consensus Initiatives 4: 13-14.
• Rowley, G. D. 2004a. Intergenic hybrids in Cactaceae - an update. Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 18: 11-28.
• Rowley, G. D. 2004b. Intergenic hybrids in Cactaceae - 2004 update. British Cactus and Succulent Journal 22: 64-65.
• Rundel, P. W. et al. 1991. The Phytogeography and Ecology of the Coastal Atacama and Peruvian Deserts. Aliso 13(1): 1-49.
• Rundel, P. W. et al. 2007. Arid and semi-arid ecosystems. In Veblin, T., Young, K. & Orme, A., eds. The Physical Geography of South America. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Schliebe, S. & Johnson, K. 2008. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Determination of Threatened Status for the Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus) throughout its Range. United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Federal Register, Washington, DC. pp. 28212-28303.
• Schlumpberger, B. O. & Renner, S. S. 2012. Molecular phylogenetics of Echinopsis (Cactaceae): Polyphyly at all levels and convergent evolution of pollination modes and growth forms. American Journal of Botany 99 (8): 1335-1349.
• Schlumpberger, B. O. 2009. More on the phylogeny and evolution of Echinopsis s. l. IOS Bulletin 15 (2): 48.
• Schlumpberger, B. O. 2012. New combinations in the Echinopsis alliance. Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 28: 29-31.
• Schlumpberger, B. O. 2012. On the identity of Parodia saint-pieana Backeb. Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 28: 27-28.
• Schumann, K. M. 1890. Cactaceae. In: Martius, C. P. F. von, Flora Brasiliensis 4 (2).
• Schumann, K. M. 1897-99. Gesamtbeschreibung der Kakteen (Monographia Cactacearum); Ibid. 1903 Nachträge 1898 bis 1902. Neudamm: J. Neumann.
• Schumann, K. M. 1899. Monatsschrift fur Kakteenkunde. Neudamm: J. Neumann.
• Schumann, K. M. 1899. Zwei neue Arten von Echinocactus aus Paraguay. Monatsschrift für Kakteenkunde 9: 45.
• Shaw, J. et al. 2007. Comparison of whole chloroplast genome sequences to choose noncoding regions for phylogenetic studies in angiosperms: the tortoise and the hare III. American Journal of Botany 94(3): 275-288.
• Smolin, L. 2006. The trouble with physics: the rise of string theory, the fall of a science, and what comes next. Boston-New York: Mariner Books edition. 2007.
• Sober, E. 2000. Phylosophy of Biology. 2nd edition. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
• Sober, E. 2008. Evidence and Evolution: The Logic Behind the Science. New York: Cambridge University Press.
• Soffiatti, P. & Angyalossy, V. 2005. Wood anatomy of Cipocereus (Cactaceae). IAWA Journal 26 (3): 299-308.
• Stuppy, W. 2002. Seed characters and generic classification of the Opuntioideae (Cactaceae). Succulent Plant Research. 6: 25-58.
• Talbot, S. L. & Shields, G. F. 1996a. Phylogeography of brown bears (Ursus arctos) of Alaska and paraphyly within the Ursidae. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 5, 477-494.
• Talbot, S. L. & Shields, G. F. 1996b. A phylogeny of the bears (Ursidae) inferred from complete sequences of three mitochondrial genes. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 5, 567-575.
• Taylor, N. & Zappi, D. 2018. Additions and corrections to “Cacti of Eastern Brazil”. Bradleya 36: 2-21.
• Taylor, N. P. & Eggli, U. 1991. Stephanocereus. Bradleya 9: 91.
• Taylor, N. P. & Zappi, D. C. 1989. An alternative view of generic delimitation and relationships in tribe Cereeae (Cactaceae). Bradleya 7: 13-40.
• Taylor, N. P. & Zappi, D. C. 1991. Arthrocereus, Discocactus. In: Hunt, D. R. & Taylor, N. P., eds, Notes on miscellaneous genera of Cactaceae. Bradleya 9: 84-86.
• Taylor, N. P. & Zappi, D. C. 1997. Nomenclatural adjustments and novelties in Brazilian Cactaceae. Cactaceae Consensus Initiatives 3: 7-8.
• Taylor, N. P. & Zappi, D. C. 2004. Cacti of Eastern Brazil. Kew, Royal Botanic Gardens.
• Taylor, N. P. & Zappi, D. C. 2008. NCL addenda, corrigenda and miscellaneous comments. Cipocereus. A neglected species of Cipocereus. Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 24: 8-11.
• Taylor, N. P. 1981. Reconsolidation of Discocactus Pfeiffer. Cactus Succulent Journal Great Britain 43: 37-40.
• Taylor, N. P. 1992. Arthrocereus, Cereus. In: D. R. Hunt and N. P. Taylor (eds). Notes on miscellaneous genera of Cactaceae (2). Bradleya 10: 17, 20-25.
• Taylor, N. P. 1995. Kew Bulletin 50 (4): 819.
• Taylor, N. P. 1997. Nomenclatural adjustments in Copiapoa, Echinocereus, Escobaria and Praecereus. Cactaceae Consensus Initiatives 3: 8-10.
• Taylor, N. P. 2002. Homogenizing Pilosocereus? Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 14: 28.
• Taylor, N. P. 2007. Cactaceae of Bolivia: additional departmental records. Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 22:10-11.
• Taylor, N. P. 2008. Notes on Opuntia from the Rio Grande basin, Bolivia. Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 23:23-25.
• Taylor, N. P. in Hunt, D. R. 2017. NCL 2.1 Generic updates. Cereus. Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 37: 21.
• Till, H. & Amerhauser, H. 2010. Die verworrene Geschichte des Gymnocalycium hyptiacanthum (Lemaire) Britton & Rose. Gymnocalycium 23 (1): 897-908.
• Till, H. 2002. Zur Klarstellung von Gymnocalycium quehlianum (Haage ex Quehl) Vaupel ex Hosseus. Gymnocalycium 15 (2): 441-444.
• Uhlmann, E. 1923. Entwicklungsgedanke und Artbegriff. Z. Naturwiss 59: 1-114. Jena.
• Van Vliet, D. J. 1970. Notocactus orthacanthus  (Link & Otto) Van Vliet, Succulenta (NL) 49 (11) : 185-190.
• Van Vliet, D. J. 1974. Notocactus veenianus. Succulenta (Nederlands) 53 (9): 171-173.
• Van Vliet, D. J. 1975. Notocactus winkleri. Succulenta (Nederlands) 54 (7): 136-139.
• Waits, L. P. et al. 1999. Rapid radiation events in the family Ursidae indicated by likelihood phylogenetic estimation from multiple fragments of mtDNA. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 13, 82-92.
• Wallace, R. S. 1995. Molecular systematic study of the Cactaceae: Using chloroplast DNA variation to elucidate Cactus phylogeny. Bradleya 13: 1-12.
• Wiley, E. O. & Liebermann, B. S. 2011. Phylogenetics: the theory of phylogenetic systematics. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publications.
• Wiley, E. O. 1981. Phylogenetics. The Theory of Phylogenetic Systematics. New York: Wiley-Interscience.
• Yoon, C. K. 2009. Naming Nature. The Clash Between Instinct and Science. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.
• Zappi, D. C. & Taylor, N. P. 1991. Cipocereus. In: Hunt, D. R. & Taylor, N. P., eds, Notes on miscellaneous genera of Cactaceae. Bradleya 9: 86.
• Zappi, D. et al. 2011. Plano de ação nacional para conservação das Cactacéas. Série Espécies Ameaçadas n° 24. Brasilia: Istituto Chico Mendes de Concervação da Biodiversidade.
• Zuckerkandl, E. & Pauling, L. 1965. Evolutionary divergence and convergence in proteins. In: V. Bryson & H. J. Vogel (EDS), Evolving genes and proteins, New York: Academic Press, 97-166.