2008, Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul
2008, Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Canela, A&M 255 Show on map
2011, Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Caxias do Sul, A&M 820 Show on map
2011, Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Caxias do Sul, A&M 824 Show on map
2011, Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Canela, A&M 255 Show on map
2011, Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Cambará do Sul, A&M 830 Show on map
2011, Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Cambará do Sul, A&M 63 Show on map
Synonyms
Acanthocephala haselbergii, Brasilicactus haselbergii, Echinocactus haselbergii*, Malacocarpus haselbergii, Notocactus haselbergii, Sericocactus haselbergii, Parodia elachisantha, Brasilicactus elachisanthus, Echinocactus elachisanthus, Notocactus elachisanthus, Acanthocephala graessneri, Brasilicactus graessneri, Dactylanthocactus graessneri, Echinocactus graessneri, Malacocarpus graessneri, Notocactus graessneri, Parodia graessneri, Parodia haselbergii ssp. graessneri
* Basionym
Distribution
Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina)
Conservation status
Comments
To clarify the relationships between the populations of Parodia graessneri (K. Schumann) F. H. Brandt and Parodia haselbergii (F. Haage ex Rümpler) F. H. Brandt is not easy to solve. Hunt et al. (2006 text: 220) still distinguish P. graessneri at the level of ssp. from the type species, for the colour of the flower: yellow-green in the first taxon vs. orange, bright red, rarely orange-yellow in the second. And mainly for the structure / habit of the tepals: half-erect, somewhat speading, but none closely surrounding style, with the stamens visible in P. graessneri, vs. internal tepals remaining erect, closely surrounding the style and hiding the stamens at first, with the outer tepals spreading in P. haselbergii. Anderson (2001, 543) highlights only the difference in the colouring of the flower, and a greater number of radial spines in P. graessneri (60 vs. 20), which also in this case is distinguished at the subspecies level. Backeberg (1977, 84-85), confirms that his genus Brasilicactus Backeberg, substantially constituted by Brasilicactus graessneri (K. Schumann) Backeberg and Brasilicactus haselbergii (F. Haage ex Rümpler) Backeberg ex Schoff, is distinguished from Notocactus (K. Schumann) FriÄ, and other South American globular cacti, by the short floral tubes and the small spiny spherical fruits. For the characters distinguishing the two species, he reports the colour of the flower, green for B. graessneri, vs. from flame-coloured with orange margins to scarlet, for B. haselbergii, but does not mention the different structure / habit of the tepals in the two species. With regard to the radial spines of B. haselbergii, Backeberg reports that they can be 20 or more. In our experience, the two taxa in habitat are quite similar. In Rio Grande do Sul (BR), the populations of P. graessneri appear to be the northwest continuation of the populations of P. haselbergii. Furthermore, while it is certainly noticeable, as shown in Hunt et al. (2006), that there is a diversity in the structure / habit of the tepals, we also know from the recent molecular analysis (Nyeffer y Eggli, 2010; Schlumpberger & Renner 2012, 1347-1348), that the characters of the flowers and the different pollination syndromes, are not indicators of proximity or distance of two evolutionary lines. In this regard, the growth forms of the two taxa are practically indistinguishable. In addition, we observed that in all populations, indifferently, individuals that have greater exposure to the sun develop a greater number of radial spines (A&M 820, photos 03-13; A&M 255, photos 52-57) compared to those that are living in the shadow of rocks and bushes (A&M 820, photos 27-29, 41-44; A&M 255, photos 58-59). The greater or lesser shielding of the taxon seems to be a protection from the sun, rather than the low temperatures reached in the cold sub-tropical climate of the Serra Gaucha (Mata Atlantica Biome). As pointed out, it seems coherent to include P. graessneri in the synonymy of P. haselbergii. (Quoted from: Anceschi & Magli 2013b, 74-75)
Genus
Other species
alacriportana
allosiphon
aureicentra
ayopayana
buiningii
calvescens
carambeiensis
chrysacanthion
claviceps
columnaris
comarapana
commutans
concinna
crassigibba
curvispina
erinacea
fusca
gaucha
haselbergii
hausteiniana
hegeri
herteri
horrida
horstii
ibicuiensis
langsdorfii
lenninghausii
linkii
maassii
magnifica
mairanana
maldonadensis
mammulosa
microsperma
mueller-melchersii
muricata
neobuenekeri
neohorstii
nigrispina
nivosa
nothorauschii
ocampoi
otaviana
ottonis
oxycostata
prestoensis
procera
rechensis
ritteri
schumanniana
schwebsiana
scopa
stockingeri
stuemeri
subterranea
taratensis
tenuicylindrica
tuberculata
warasii
werdermanniana